Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals (Hardback)

With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering.

The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology.

Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles. It starts with general topics that emphasize the relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. It then discusses established and emerging focus areas. The volume also examines the sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions, with emphasis on turbulent motions and their role in heat, momentum, and species transport.

As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This volume is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand the fundamentals of environmental motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities.

Praise for the Two-Volume Set

"I strongly recommend the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics to all scientists and engineers involved in or just intrigued by the interplay of fluid dynamics with the environment. Guided by the skillful editorship of Joe Fernando, and dedicated to the memory of Owen M. Phillips, a marvelous teacher and one of the top geophysical fluid dynamicists of the past century, every topic of importance in environmental fluid dynamics is superbly addressed by an outstanding selection of authors; I predict the books will be an important resource for years to come."

—Professor James J. Riley, University of Washington

"This handbook is probably the most prestigious and broadest survey in environmental fluid dynamics that has come to light so far. It brings together state-of-the-art knowledge of leading experts in topics ranging from climate change and risk assessment to more fundamental subjects such as turbulence and dispersion within two volumes and 81 chapters. It promises to become one of the most important references in this field."

—Professor Jan-Bert Flór, Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, CNRS

"Dr. Fernando has assembled an impressive team of contributors from a wide range of fields. The book is as close to a comprehensive view of the field as possible in one handbook."

—Professor John S. Gulliver, University of Minnesota

"This grand two-volume set provides an excellent exposé of the vast interdisciplinary field of environmental fluid dynamics including its societal importance. The work spans time and space scales ranging from small-scale stratified turbulence to large-scale climate and introduces the reader to the many observational, theoretical, and numerical techniques used to study outdoor flows—a great resource."

—Dr. Peter Sullivan, National Center for Atmospheric Research

"I will definitely recommend this handbook to students and stakeholders concerned by environmental problems."

—Professor Philippe Fraunié, Université du Sud Toulon-Var

Part I Overview and General Topics

Environmental Fluid Dynamics

Harindra Joseph Shermal Fernando

Research in EFD and Its Policy Implications

Julian Hunt

Interdisciplinary Dynamics in EFD Research

Eric R. Pardyjak and Jessica L. Thompson

Climate Change and Its Effects on Environmental Fluid Systems

Huei-Ping Huang

Sustainability Implications

B. Karney and S.K. Venayagamoorthy

Air Quality and Management

Sang-Mi Lee

Forecasting and Management of Coastal Water Quality

Joseph H.W. Lee, Ken T.M. Wong, and K.W. Choi

Soil and Aquifer Management

Hillel Rubin

Security and Environmental Fluid Dynamics

Malcolm J. Andrews, Fernando F. Ginstein, Edward Kwicklis, and Rodman Linn

Large-Scale Disasters

Mohamed Gad-el-Hak

Risk Assessment

C.L. Winter and D.M. Tartakovsky

Environmental Law

Patrick J. Paul

Part II Focus Areas for Study of Natural Systems

Physical Limnology

A. Wüest and M. Schmid

Microbial and Ecological Fluid Dynamics

Miki Hondzo

Micro- and Nano-Scale Flows Relevant to the Environment

Howard A. Stone

Volcanic Flows

J.H. Fink and A.B. Clarke

Buoyant Outflows to the Coastal Ocean

Pablo Huq

Hydrodynamics of Coastal Circulation

D. Haidvogel and R. Chant

Ice Dynamics and Transport

Steven F. Daly and Robert Ettema

Part III Fundamental Flow Phenomena and Turbulence

Turbulence in the Environment

G.N. Ivey

Turbulent Dispersion

Benoit Cushman-Roisin

Stratified Hydraulics

Peter G. Baines

Hydraulics of Vegetated Canopies

Iehisa Nezu and Taka-aki Okamoto

Canopy Turbulence

E.G. Patton and J.J. Finnigan

Jets and Plumes

Scott A. Socolofsky, Tobias Bleninger, and Robert L. Doneker

Stratified Wakes and Their Signatures

S.I. Voropayev

Gravity Currents and Intrusions

Marius Ungarish

Internal Gravity Waves

Bruce R. Sutherland

Rotation Effects in Environmental Flows

Peter A. Davies and Yakun Guo

Vortex Dynamics

G.J.F. van Heijst

Surface Waves in Coastal Waters

Chiang C. Mei

Drops and Bubbles in the Environment

Lydia Bourouiba and John W.M. Bush

Particle-Laden Flows

S. Balachandar

Sediment Transport

Jørgen Fredsøe

Flows Involving Phase Change

Herbert E. Huppert and M. Grae Worster

Turbulent Gas Transfer across Air–Water Interfaces

Satoru Komori

Convection

Jaywant H. Arakeri

Convection (Rotating Fluids)

Robert E. Ecke

Double-Diffusive Instabilities

Ruby Krishnamurty

Shallow Shear Flows in Surface Water

M.S. Ghidaoui and M.Y. Lam

Shallow Granular Flows

O. Bokhove and A.R. Thornton

Turbidity Currents and Powder Snow Avalanches

Eckart Meiburg, Jim McElwaine, and Ben Kneller

Mechanics of Debris Flows and Rock Avalanches

Richard M. Iverson

Index

Harindra Joseph Shermal Fernando is the Wayne and Diana Murdy Endowed Professor of Engineering and Geosciences at the University of Notre Dame, with the primary affiliation in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences and a concurrent appointment in the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. He has received numerous awards and honors, including a UNESCO Team Gold Medal (1979), Presidential Young Investigator Award (NSF, 1986), and Rieger Foundation Distinguished Scholar Award in Environmental Sciences (2001). He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Physical Society, and American Meteorological Society and was elected to the European Academy in 2009. He serves on the editorial boards of Applied Mechanics Reviews (associate editor), Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics (editor, 1997–), IAHR Journal of Hydro-Environment (associate editor), Physics of Fluids (associate editor) and EGS Journal of Non-Linear Processes in Geophysics (editor). He is also the editor in chief of the Journal of Environmental Fluid Dynamics. Professor Fernando has published more than 225 papers spanning nearly 50 international peer-reviewed journals.

Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Volume One

Overview and Fundamentals

Edited by Harindra Joseph Fernando

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