About the Author |
Acknowledgements |
Preface |
What Is Psychology? |
Diversity of psychology. Methods in psychology. "Psychology is just common sense." Studying psychology. |
Approaches to Psychology |
The psychodynamic approach. The behaviourist approach. The humanist approach. The cognitive approach. Free will versus determinism. Reductionism. |
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The Nervous System |
Nervous system. Endocrine system. Influences of the three systems. Neural and synaptic activity. Drugs and behaviour. |
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Cortical Functions |
Non-invasive techniques. Invasive techniques. Localisation of function. Hemisphere asymmetries. Structure and processes of visual perception. Colour vision. |
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Awareness |
Bodily rhythms. Sleep. Theories of sleep. Dreaming. Consciousness. Hypnosis. |
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Motivation, Emotion and Stress |
Motivation. Theories of motivation. Emotion. Theories of emotion. Stress. Methods of reducing stress. |
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Evolution and Behaviour |
Evolution of behaviour. Competition for resources. Predator-prey relationships. Symbiotic relationships. |
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Reproductive Strategies |
Sexual reproduction and parental investment. Sexual selection. Mating systems and parental care. Parent-offspring conflict. |
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Kinship and Social Behaviour |
Altruism. Sociality. Imprinting. Bonding. Signalling systems and communication. |
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Behaviour Analysis |
Classical conditioning. Operant conditioning. Foraging. Homing and migration. Animal language. Evolutionary explanations of human behaviour. |
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Perceptual Processes |
Perceptual development. Perceptual organisation. Space or depth perception. Visual constancies. Pattern recognition. Theories of perception. Individual, social, and cultural variations. |
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Attention and Performance |
Focused auditory attention. Focused visual attention. Divided attention. Automatic processing. Action slips. |
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Human Memory |
Memory stores. Working memory. Memory processes. Long-term memory. Organisation of information in long-term memory. Why do we forget? Practical applications. |
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Language and Thought |
Language acquisition. Language comprehension. Language production. Reasoning. Decision making and judgement. Language and thought. |
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Early Socialisation |
Sociability. Attachment. Effects of deprivation. Enrichment. Cross-cultural differences in child rearing. |
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Cognitive Development |
Piaget's theory. Vygotsky's theory. Information-processing approach. Practical applications to education. Development of intelligence-test performance. |
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Social Behaviour in Development |
Moral development. Gender development. Development of the self. |
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Adolescence, Adulthood and Old Age |
Adolescence. Personality change in adulthood. Adjustment to old age. Life events in adulthood. |
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Social Cognition |
Theories of social cognition. Attribution theory. Prejudice and discrimination. Stereotypes. Theories of prejudice. Reduction of prejudice and discrimination. |
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Social Relationships |
Liking and loving. Theories of interpersonal relationships. Formation of interpersonal relationships. Maintenance of relationships. Dissolution of relationships. Components of interpersonal relationships. Post-modern approach. Individual, social, and cultural variations. Effects of interpersonal relationships. |
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Social Influence |
Conformity. Obedience to authority. Independent behaviour. Social power. Leadership. Collective behaviour. |
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Pro- and Anti-social Behaviour |
Altruism and empathy. Bystander intervention. Aggression. Reducing and controlling aggressive behaviour. Media influences on behaviour. |
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Atypical Development |
Learning difficulties. Physical and sensory impairments. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Autism. Developmental dyslexia. |
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Models of Abnormality |
What is abnormality? Should we classify? Classification systems. Models of abnormality. Cultural and subcultural differences. |
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Psychopathology |
Causal factors. Types of disorder. Schizophrenia. Depression. Phobias. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Eating disorders. |
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Therapeutic Approaches |
Psychodynamic therapy. Somatic therapy. Humanistic therapy. Behaviour therapy. Cognitive therapy. Cognitive-behavioural therapy. Effectiveness of therapy. Ethical issues in therapy. |
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Individual Differences |
Intelligence testing. Personality testing. Trait theories of personality. |
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Controversies in Psychology |
Advertising, propaganda, and psychological warfare. Is psychology a science? Cultural diversity and bias. Gender and bias. |
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Ethical Issues |
Use of human participants. Use of animals. Socially sensitive research. Socially sensitive research areas. Ethical principles for conducting research with human participants. |
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Psychological Enquiry |
Experimental method. Quasi-experiments. Correlational studies. Naturalistic observation. Case studies. Interviews. Discourse analysis. |
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Design of Investigations |
Aims and hypotheses. Selecting participants. Good practice in experimentation. Experimental designs. Good practice in non-experimental designs. Problems with experimental research. General issues in investigations. |
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Data Analysis |
Qualitative analysis of data. Interpretation of interviews, case studies, and observations. Content analysis. Quantitative analysis: Descriptive statistics. Data presentation. Statistical tests. Issues of experimental and ecological validity. Writing up and practical. |
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Appendices |
How to decide which test to use. How to use the tables. Tips. Appendix 1: Mann-Whitney U test. Appendix 2: Sign test. Appendix 3: Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Appendix 4: Spearman's rho test. Appendix 5: Chi-squared test. |
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References |
Author Index |
Subject Index |
Illustration Credits |
