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Strategies to Improve Spatial Constructional Abilities
Following are general strategies to help individuals who have difficulties with spatial constructional abilities:
- For the remediation of constructional deficits, graded practice and cuing are typically implemented through repetitive practice (i.e., repeated practice in drawing and assembling basic objects, proceeding to more difficult ones). For example, initial trials to improve drawing and mechanical skills will require the individual to draw or assemble two- or three-dimensional figures, working through progressive levels of complexity.
- For individuals who need to draw, it will be beneficial to use transparencies and tracing paper as a basic structure and to double check the accuracy of progress. With initial remediation trials, the person may be provided with a core structure, drawn or demonstrated by the treating professional. Other visual-spatial deficits (i.e., acuity, neglect), would need be addressed before effectively remediating constructional deficits.
- Use verbal or written cues and step-by-step instructions to guide effective constructional strategies. For example, when drawing the individual may first be instructed to note any configuration of smaller designs comprising the larger figure. Next, he or she may be cued to draw the larger or outermost portions of the figures. Major dividing lines can be progressively added. Further details may be added, working systematically from a determined area. Finally, the individual would be cued to double check all details for inclusion and accuracy.
- For three-dimensional figures, remediation or practice and training may begin by assembling designs utilizing blocks or similar stimuli. Ultimately, the goal would be to progress to more complex models and tasks similar to those performed in the individual's vocational or home setting. Other assistance may be provided by prearranging or laying out the parts in order of assembly. The ideal treatment activities will be as similar to the anticipated real-life context as possible. For example, strategies for a carpenter would utilize work related materials (e.g., plans, lumber, fasteners, tools) as long as basic safety assurances can be met.
- Compensatory interventions may also include elements of cueing or having the components prearranged for the individual. Templates can be helpful for efficiency, especially templates that provide written instructions or provide the sequence for assembly.
- Often, the individual will need increased supervision and assistance performing vocational duties. An individual who is required to perform complex visual-spatial operations (i.e., architect, mechanic) most likely will need a supervisor or job coach who has relevant expertise in the same technical area.
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